Week 17: Zales

Moth of the Week: Zales

On Tuesday night the Zales made a flight; when I stepped out to check the porchlight I was bombarded by them.  By Wednesday morning I counted  more than 40 of these large moths hanging around our porchlight: on the walls, on the steps, even in the trashcans.  The Zales are a large and rather challenging group of moths due to the extreme variation of the colors and patterns. 

The Lunate Zale (Zale lunata) is the largest and most common Zale species in our area.  Z. lunata is generally dark overall with heavy barring across the back.

Forewing: 24mm



This specimen shows large clean patches on the forewing.  I believe the is Z. lunata but am not ruling out Colorful Zale (Zale minerea) due to my lack of experience with this species.  There are approximately 14 species of Zale possible in East Texas and there is a lot of overlap in pattern and coloring between them.

Forewing: 18mm

This individual stood out from the rest due to its smaller size overall and the extensive white in the wings.  I have tentatively labeled this specimen as Double-banded Zale (Zale calycanthata) but am waiting on confirmation.

Other Moths This Week:

Melsheimer's Sack-bearer Moth - Cicinnus melsheimeri (#7662)

Forewing: 20mm

White-lined Sphinx - Hyles lineata (#7894)
Forewing: 33mm
Also reported in Zones 1,2,3,4,5,6

Indomitable Melipotis - Melipotis indomita (#8600)
Forewing: 24mm
Also reported in Zones 1,3,4,5,6

This is the most common and wide spread Melipotis moth in the state.

Not a Moth (but still relevant)
One of my fellow teachers brought me the big hairy fly and asked if it was dangerous.  I haven't studied flies much (at all), but figured I'd give it a shot.  In a relatively short time I was able to narrow it down to Archytas sp. a family of flies common in fields and pastures across most of North America.  The larva of these flies are parasitoids of caterpillars.  They will lay eggs on the caterpillar and while the caterpillar is in the cocoon the fly larva will feed on the caterpillar and when the cocoon finally opens, surprise it's a fly.



Week 16: Tent Caterpillars

Moths of the Week

Eastern Tent Caterpillar - Malacosoma americanum (#7701)
Forewing: male 13mm

In early spring the silky white tents of the Eastern Tent Caterpillar are a common sight in trees across much of East Texas.  Along with those tents are limbs that have been stripped clean by the ravenous caterpillars.

 

As the spring progresses the caterpillars come down out of their trees and begin looking for a place to build a cocoon.  During this time it seems that these blue and green caterpillars can be found just about everywhere.

In early to mid-April the adults eclose.  Some mornings I have had a dozen sitting on the wall by the porch lights.  The males are smaller and more gray in color; the females are a brighter brown and considerably larger.

Forest Tent Caterpillar - Malacosoma disstria (#7698)
Forewing: 11mm
A close cousin to M. americanum, this moth is less common than its larger cousin in East Texas.  The Forest Tent Caterpillar is easily distinguished by its smaller size and dark AM and PM lines instead of pale.  They also showed up a little later I found my first Eastern Tent on April 10th while Forest tent did not show up until the 18th.

The Forest Tent Caterpillar does not actually build a "tent" but instead builds a silky mat where the caterpillars gather.
  

Other Moths This Week

Spiny Oak-Slug Moth - Euclea delphinii (#4697)
Forewing: 12mm
Also reported in Zones 3,6

Four-spotted Palpita - Palpita quadristigmalis (#5218)
Forewing: 16mm
Also reported in Zones 1,3,4,5,6

Clinton's Underwing - Catocala clintonii (#8872)
Forewing: 20mm
Also reported in Zone 5

Week 15: Curve-lined Owlet

Moths for the Week

Curve-lined Owlet - Phyprosopus callitrichoides (#8525)

Forewing: 16mm

Also reported in Zone 3

While this uncommon moth may have a distinctively bulbous forehead, its caterpillar is truly other-worldly.  Check it out on Bugguide.net.

Boxwood Leaftier - Galasa nigrinodis (#5552)
Forewing: 8mm
Also reported in Zone 3, 6
These funny little moths are one of my favorites.  Like somthing out of Alice in Wonderland, they look like a tiny coffee table with eyes and a nose.

Sooty-winged Chalcoela - Chalcoela iphitalis (#4895)

Forewing: 10mm

Also recorded in Zones 3,4,5

I've gotten pretty good at identifying moths down to family by sight.  But even when I recognize a moth I find putting a name to it can be an arduous task.  Thank goodness for Browse By Family on MPG.

  

Scoop Net

So far I have focused my attention on nocturnal moths which are relatively easy to catch.  I simply wait at the porchlight or blacklight and when a moth stops for a moment I collect it in a specimen jar.  However, I hope to catch some day-flying moths, specifically I want a Snowberry Clearwing.  To this end I made myself a simple scoop net.   I formed a frame by twisting two coat hangers together.  Add a little duct tape around a branch, a large pillowcase, and a handful of binder clips; now I have a crude but effective scoop net.  Out of pocket expense:  27 cents for the pillowcase at the local Hospice shop.

It may not be the fanciest net, but I have already caught a few butterflies to photograph.

 American Snout

Question Mark

Week 14: Ilia Underwing

A lesson in Raising caterpillars

Ilia Underwing - Catocala ilia (#8801)
Forewing: 40mm
Also reported in Zones 3,5,6

While I am very quickly becoming familiar with identifying adult  moths, caterpillars are still a mystery to me.  When this caterpillar showed up on our porch on a rainy March 9th, I didn't have a clue what it was.  It was quite large so I thought it might be a sphinx moth but couldn't be sure.  Moth caterpillars can be very specific feeders so if you want to raise one you need to be sure you are providing the right food; whether that is oak leaves, grass, or leaf litter.  However, I believe that, in general, once a caterpillar leaves its host plant it is very close to forming a cocoon.  So, I brought this one in and kept it in a jar with some clover.  By March 12th it had surrounded itself a web of clover and made a cocoon.

On April 4th it eclosed, and I had a nice but slightly rumpled Ilia Underwing.  If you are keeping a cocoon it is very important to provide a branch or some surface for it to climb on to dry its wings.  My Underwing unfortunately had a slight curve at the tip of its wings but was still able to fly. 

Eastern Grass-Veneer - Crambus laqueatellus (#5378)
Forewing: 12mm

The crambid moths are also known as Snout Moths.  This Grass-veneer could be straight out of a Spy vs. Spy comic.

Mournful Thyris -  Pseudothyris sepulchralis (#6077)
Forewing: 10mm
Also reported in Zones 2,3,5

Though I caught this Thyris at my porch light, the Mournful Thyris is also commonly seen taking nectar from flowers in the daytime.  Its striking black and white pattern is hard to miss.

Azalea Sphinx - Daraspa choerilus (#7886)
Forewing: 30mm 
Also reported in Zones 5,6

Week 13: Grapeleaf Skeletonizer

Grapeleaf Skeletonizer - Harrisina americana (#4624)
Forewing: 10mm
Also reported in Zones 3,5,6
While superficially similar to last weeks Yellow-collared Scape Moth, this moth is about half the size and holds its wings away from the body while resting.

Desmia Complex
Forewing 12mm
There are two species represented in this complex; D. funeralis and D. maculalis.  At one time white scales on the head were thought to differentiate the two, but that is currently in dispute.  All of my sources say that the two cannot be distinguished from a photograph.

Obtuse Euchlaena - Euchlaena obtusaria (#6726)
Forewing: 25mm
The deeply serrated hindwing and dark marks near the tip of the forewing are diagnostic for this species.

Ailanthus Webworm Moth - Atteva aurea (#2401)

Forewing: 12mm

Also reported in Zones 1,2,3,4,5,6

This unique moth can often be found nectaring during the day; I have found them frequently on Goldenrods.

Faint-spotted Palthis - Palthis asopialis (#8398)
Forewing: 12mm
Also reported in Zones 3,6

Maple Callous Borer - Synanthedon acerni (#2554)

Forewing:

Also reported in Zone 6

This little moth has a strong and direct flight, moving back and forth while hovering much like a hummingbird,  but with the little fringe on its tail it looks more like a flying shrimp. 

Blinded Sphinx - Paonias excaecata (#7824)
Forewing: 35mm

Week 12: Yellow-collared Scape Moth

Moth of the Week
Yellow-collared Scape Moth - Cisseps fulvicollis (#8267)
Forewing: 16mm
Also reported in Zones 3,5,6

     Moths are an amazingly diverse family.  They range from only a few millimeters in length up to 12 inches long.  They come in every color imaginable: red, green, pink, blue, irridescent.  Some you would never even guess were moths.  One family, Sesiidae, are incredible wasp mimics; several look almost identical to hornets. Several species of Sphinx moths are often confused for hummingbirds especially as they tend to visit hummingbird feeders around dusk.  The Yellow-collared Scape Moth actually appears much like a beetle. 

Other Moths this Week:

Waved Sphinx - Ceratomia undulosa (#7787)

Forewing: 45mm

Also reported in Zones 3,4,5,6

According to Bugguide.net this is one of the most common Sphinx moths.

American Lady - Vanessa virginiensis

Also reported in Zones 1,2,3,4,5,6

   While the American Lady is not a "moth," taxonomically there is little difference between moths and butterflies.  In the order Lepidoptera there are approximately 30 Superfamilies represented in the United States.  Butterflies comprise 2 of those families; Hesperioidea (Skippers) and Papilionoidea (Butterflies).  The remaining 28 families are lumped together as "moths."

     This American Lady gets included because she was attracted to our porchlight one night.  Butterflies are generally diurnal creatures; however, I suppose they occassionally sleepfly.

Joyful Holomolina - Virbia laeta (#8114)

Forewing: 8mm

When you first see this moth sitting with its wings folded it really doesn't look like much.  A small almost entirely black moth.  However, as soon as it takes flight you can't miss the brilliant flash of red as it flits to and for around the lights.

Walnut Sphinx - Amorpha juglandis (#7827)

Forewing: 30mm

Also reported in Zones 3,4,5

Week 11: The Wedgeling

Moth of the Week

The Wedgeling - Galgula Partita (#9688)
Forewing: 12mm
Also reported in Zones 3,5,6

  While birding I have become familiar with the acronym LBJs (Little Brown Jobs) for those drab and relatively unmarked critters that flit out of the bushes and dive back in before you get a chance for a really solid look.  In winter moths they are just about all LBJ's.  The one advantage is that many times they will sit still long enough for you to get a decent look.

  This particular LBJ has been quite common at my porch light since about mid-November.  With a forewing measuring a mere 12mm it is on the small end for a Noctuoidea moth.  Even though the coloring of the wings is highly variable, anywhere from a light tan to a deep maroon, the dark spots located on the costal margin has, thus far, been diagnostic.

Other Moths This Week:

Withered Mocis - Mocis marcida (#8744)

Forewing: 24mm

Also reported in Zones 3,6

This species is distinguished from the other Mocis moth because the red PM line does not extend all the way to the inner margin of the forewing.

Large Necklace Moth - Hypsoropha monilis (#8527)

Forewing: 20mm

Also reported in Zone 5

White-dotted Prominent - Nadata gibbosa (#7915)

Forewing: 25mm

Also reported in Zone 5

Rosy Maple - Dryocampa rubicunda (#7715)

Forewing: 20mm